Vibration Table Testing -ISO 12405

With the wide application of lithium batteries in electric vehicles, portable devices and energy storage, the requirements for their safety and reliability are becoming increasingly important. In the design and production process of lithium batteries, vibration testing is a key link to evaluate the stability and durability of lithium batteries during transportation, use and storage. This article focuses on vibration testing of lithium batteries under the ISO 12405 standard, which provides a set of specifications and guidance to ensure that lithium battery products perform in a variety of vibration environments to meet safety and reliability requirements

Reference specification

ISO 6469-1, Electrically propelled road vehicles —Safety specifications — Part 1: On-board rechargeable energy storage system (RESS)
ISO 6469-3, Electrically propelled road vehicles — Safety specifications — Part 3: Protection of persons against electric shock
ISO/TR 8713, Electrically propelled road vehicles — VocabularyISO 12405-1:2011, Electrically propelled road vehicles — Test specification for lithium-ion traction battery packs and systems — Part 1:  High-power applications
ISO 12405-2:2012, Electrically propelled road vehicles— Test specification for lithium-ion traction battery packs and systems—Part 2: High-energy applications
ISO 20653, Road vehicles — Degrees of protection (IP code) — Protection of electrical equipment against foreign objects, water and access

Vibration testing

This test checks whether the part under test is faulty or broken due to vibration. The vibration of the body is the random vibration caused by the rough road and the internal vibration of the power transmission system. The main faults to be determined by the test are the breakage and loss of electrical contacts.

Part I: Battery pack and system test

Tests shall be carried out in accordance with IEC 60068-2-64, as shown in Tables 17 to 20, or according to a test brief determined by the customer and validated for vehicle application. The test parameters given are applicable to the automatic detection devices installed on the spring mass (body) of all vehicles. According to the designed vehicle installation location and the requirements of IEC 60068-2-47, the DUT shall be installed on the shaker test bench. Unless otherwise agreed between the customer and the supplier, the vibration test shall be carried out in sequence in three spatial directions, starting with the vertical direction (Z), then the transverse direction (Y), and finally the longitudinal direction (x). The mechanical stress acting on the part under test is specified by a random acceleration-time function, and the duration of all tests in each spatial direction is 21 hours. The test duration can be reduced to 15 hours per spatial orientation if two identical test pieces are used, and to 12 hours if three identical test pieces are used. For this purpose, a test spectrum between 5 Hz and 200 Hz is defined for each spatial direction of the vibration controller (PSD_vertical_Z, PSD_horizontal_transverse_Y, PSD_horizontal longitude al_x). If the DUT is designed to be mounted below the passenger compartment of the vehicle, the simplified spectrum psd_ horizontal Transversal _ YPASSenger_ compartment bottom as shown in Table 19 should be used. If in doubt, the supplier and customer should agree on which horizontal Y-line to use. 
 
                                



Before vibration testing, the DUT capacity shall be evaluated by performing two standard cycles (SC) accordinglto 6.2. Adjust the SOC with a C/3 discharge to 50 % before starting the vibration test profile.After vibration testing, the DUT capacity shall be evaluated by performing two standard cycles (SC) according to 6.2.

_{Part 2: Electrical/electronic equipment for battery packs and systems}

The given test parameters are valid for DUT designed for mounting on sprung masses (vehicle body) of al vehicle. If the specific requirement of the vehicle and/or the mounting area differs from those requirements given in the following test procedure, the test shall be performed according to ISO 16750-3 for other mounting areas or according to data from specific operating load measurements on a vehicle.
Perform the test according to IEC 60068-2-64 random vibration. Use a test duration of 8 h for each plane of the DUT.
The r.m.s. acceleration value shall be 27,8 m/s2.
The PSD versus frequency are referred to Figure 13 and Table 22.


Key
X  frequency [Hz]
Y1 PSD [(m/s2)2/Hz]
1 discharge
2 charge


Breakage and loss of electrical contact shall not occur according to the requirements for both parts of vibration test procedures.The functional status shall be class A (see ISO 16750-1) during operating mode 3.2 as specified in ISO 16750-1, and class C during periods with other operating modes.

JOEO Sine Random Shock vibration testing equipment Meet Standard
ISO 12405-1-2011<Electric road vehicles - Test specification for lithium-ion power battery packs and systems... >
GB/T 31486-2015 <Electrical performance requirements and test methods for traction battery of electric vehicle> Test requirements
UL 1642:2012 < Standard for Lithium batteries>
UL 2054: 2012 < Household and Commercial Batteries>
UN38.3(2012) <Part 3: proposal for dangerous goods transport - test and standard manual>
IEC62133-2:2017 < Safety requirements for portable sealed secondary cells, and for batteries made from them, for use in portable applications-Parts 2: Lithium systems>
 
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